How to use during

during is a preposition which is used before a noun (during + noun) to say when something happens. It does not tell us how long it happened. For example:
«Nobody spoke during the presentation.»
«We get plenty of snow here during the winter.»

How to use while

When is used to talk about two things that are happening at the same time. The length of time is not important. Remember that while is used with a subject and a verb (while + subject + verb). For example:
«The phone rang while I was watching TV.»
«I met him while we were studying in the library.»

How to use for

For is a preposition which is used with a period to say how long something goes on:
«Simon has been sleeping for 8 hours.»
«We waited for 30 minutes outside your house.»

More samples

I've been meaning to call you for some time.
He fell asleep during the meeting.
We all stayed inside during the storm.
Someone stole my bag while I was riding on the train.
The dog was barking while she was trying to watch TV.
Please don't smoke while I'm eating.
Bats sleep during the day.
They've been out of the office for ages.
He kept talking to me while I was trying to read.
His mobile-phone rang twice during the film.

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